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This survey (n = 1,356) reports food insecurity (FI) in Puerto Rico (PR) at 38% before, and 40% since, the COVID-19 pandemic. Odds for FI increased for households with annual income <=$15k vs. >=$60k (OR: 3.52;95% CI: 1.20, 10.36);experiencing an income reduction (OR: 2.22 (1.55, 3.18));participating in the United States Department of Agriculture Nutrition Assistance Program (OR: 1.75 (1.14, 2.70));higher food acquisition anxiety (OR: 1.45 (1.29, 1.64));increased home availability of fruit-flavored drinks (OR: 1.52 (1.04, 2.22)), whereas increased fruit availability was protective (OR: 0.63 (0.43, 0.93)). Results heighten the need to examine FI strategies in PR.Copyright © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
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Introduccion: Estudiamos el impacto del COVID-19 en pacientes con Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal (EII) en Castilla-La Mancha. Metodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo utilizando inteligencia artificial con capacidad de procesamiento de lenguaje natural, SAVANA manager. Esta herramienta, a pesar de sus sesgos (ej: duplicacion de casos), permite analizar grandes poblaciones. Analizamos datos de 1.808.010 pacientes durante 2020. Resultados: Se identificaron 2.243 pacientes con EII y COVID-19, que en comparacion con los casos de COVID-19 sin EII hubo mas hipertension arterial, diabetes mellitus, dislipemia, obesidad o tabaquismo. A pesar de ello, no se apreciaron diferencias en hospitalizacion (0,8607, 0,7320-1,0121, p = 0,0696), ingreso en UCI (0,4113, 0,1025-1,6508, p = 0,2102) o mortalidad (0,9099, 0,6123-1,3521, p = 0,6402). COVID-19 fue mas frecuente en pacientes con EII (3,6413, 3,4616-3,8303, p < 0,0001). Comparando pacientes con EII y COVID-19 segun sus tratamientos, vedolizumab es el unico con mayor riesgo de COVID-19 (0,3091, 0,0967-0,9886, p = 0,0478), sin embargo, el riesgo de hospitalizacion para vedolizumab es menor (0,3091, 0,0967-0,9886, p = 0,0478). Los inmunomoduladores tambien tienen un menor riesgo de hospitalizacion tanto solos (0,6677, 0,4650-0,9588, p = 0,0287) como combinados con anti-TNF (0,5109, 0,2836-0,9205, p = 0,0254). No se encontraron diferencias para monoterapia anti-TNF, ustekinumab o tofacitinib. La tasa de UCI y la mortalidad no son diferentes entre los tratamientos, salvo para tofacitinib (tasa de UCI 0,00%, mortalidad 10,00%), sin embargo, el pequeno numero de pacientes podrian sesgar este resultado. [Table presented] Conclusiones: COVID-19 en pacientes con EII no es diferente en hospitalizacion, ingreso en UCI o mortalidad en comparacion con la poblacion sin Ell. Los pacientes con Ell expuestos a inmunomoduladores y vedolizumab tienen menor riesgo de hospitalizacion que los no expuestos, no se encontraron diferencias para anti-TNF monoterapia o ustekinumab.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. Todos los derechos reservados.
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Background: Caregiver stress is a common problem observed in nursing homes. Aim: To determine the association between the level of resilience and stress, anxiety and depression in formal caregivers of older people institutionalized in long-stay establishments during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: One hundred ninety eight formal caregivers working at 11 long term residences for older people in southern Chile were invited to answer the SV-RES resilience and the DASS-21 anxiety and depression scales and 102 agreed to participate. Results: We observed a significant association between the resilience scale score and variables such as weekly working hours (p < 0.01), current hours of sleep (p < 0.01), self-perception of sleep (p < 0.01), anxiety level (p < 0.01) and stress level (p < 0.01). Conclusions: A higher score on the Resilience Scale was associated with the absence of anxiety and stress, working between 22 and 43 hours per week, sleeping between 7 and 8 hours of sleep and a satisfactory self-perception of sleep. Studying the factors associated with resilience in formal caregivers of the elderly allows healthcare personnel to focus preventive actions, intervening promptly in risk areas associated with the work context, and strengthening the personal resources of caregivers.
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Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a pandemic that is still very prevalent. Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) represent a special population considering their already altered immune system and their exposure to several immunosuppressive therapies. We pretend to study the impact of COVID-19 on IBD patients in our community, Castilla-La Mancha (a region in central Spain). Method(s): Retrospective observational study using an artificial intelligence with natural language processing capability, the SAVANA manager, we analyzed data from 1 808 010 patients with Electronic Medical Records (EMR) within the public health system of Castilla-La Mancha from March 1st 2020 to January 1st 2021. Data on demographic characteristics, hospitalization, ICU admission and mortality were collected. We compared COVID outcomes between IBD and non-IBD patients. We compared COVID outcomes in IBD patients according to their treatment (comparing each treatment group to those IBD patients with no treatment);we considered: Immunomodulators (azathioprine, mercaptopurine, methotrexate), antiTNF alone or combined with immunomodulator, vedolizumab, ustekinumab and tofacitinib;mesalazine and corticosteroids were not analyzed. Result(s): 2 243 patients with IBD suffered COVID-19, compared to COVID-19 cases without IBD there were less females, they suffered more arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity, or tabacco use (TABLE 1). And yet, despite these being proven risk factors for worse outcomes for COVID-19, no differences were appreciated in hospitalization rate, ICU admission, or mortality between those with or without IBD (TABLE 2). COVID-19 was more frequent in IBD patients (32.59 vs 13.28%). Comparing IBD patients with COVID-19 according to their treatments (TABLE 3), vedolizumab is the only treatment with a higher risk for COVID-19 infection, however the hospitalization risk for vedolizumab is lower than for those without it. Immunomodulators do also have a lower hospitalization risk both alone or in combination with antiTNF, no differences were found for antiTNF monotherapy, ustekinumab or tofacitinib. ICU rate and mortality are no different between treatments, except for tofacitinib (0.00% ICU rate, 10.00% mortality), however the small number of patients using this treatment may bias this result. Conclusion(s): COVID-19 in IBD patients is no different in hospitalization, ICU admission or mortality compared to non-IBD population. IBD patients exposed to immunomodulators and vedolizumab have less hospitalization risk than those not exposed, no differences were found for antiTNF alone or ustekinumab. The impact of tofacitinib in COVID outcomes requires further investigation.
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Due to the impact of the pandemic, Brazil suspended, in mid-March 2020, classes and on-site activities throughout the municipal, state and federal education system. In view of this scenario full of challenges and missions that the PNAE had to take ownership of, the Collaborating Centers for Food and Nutrition (CECANEs) have became important services to enable the proper distribution of the kits and the operation of the program. It is an experience report based on CECANE/UFRN own actions, results and reports. From the survey carried out with the 167 municipalities of Rio Grande do Norte, assisted by CECANE/UFRN, the panorama regarding the distribution of school feeding kits was observed, highlighting the different situations and difficulties faced during the execution. Guidance actions were carried out on the assembly and distribution of school feeding kits, accountability and participation in social control. The work aims to establish and legitimize the role of CECANE in the defense of Human Right to Adequate Food (DHAA) and Food and Nutrition Security (SAN) in the school feeding scenario and reinforces the importance of investigations about the logistics of assembling and distributing the kits in the national territory, showing the diversity and local difficulties.
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Background: A minimum of physical activity and low liquid intake are factors that havebeen associated with constipation. The health emergency brought on by the COVID-19pandemic has resulted in adopting behavior, such as sheltering-in-place (less mobility) anddietary changes, creating a scenario we believe to be an adequate model for examining theappearance of symptoms of constipation and its associated factors. At present, there are no reports in the literature that establish a relation between a change in bowel movement habitand being under the current lockdown. Thus, the aim of our study was to evaluate theincidence of symptoms of constipation and associated factors during the lockdown implementedto contain the spread of COVID-19 in Mexico.Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted on an open population,applying an electronic survey (4 weeks after lockdown due to COVID-19 in Mexico) toevaluate: demographic characteristics, physical activity, water and fiber intake, appearanceof constipation symptoms (including stool consistency), and quality of life. Incidence (newcases) of constipation after the lockdown (“new-onset” constipation) was calculated and the95% CI was reported. A comparative analysis of the categorical variables and continuousvariables was carried out between the participants with “new-onset” constipation and thosewith no constipation during the lockdown, utilizing the Student’s t test, the Mann-WhitneyU test, the chi-square test, or the Wilcoxon test, as appropriate. Statistical significance wasset a p < 0.05.Results: Out of 678 subjects evaluated, 170 (25%, 95% CI 21.7-28.4) developed symptomsof “new-onset” constipation, with a significant decrease in the number of daily bowelmovements (p<0.05) and stool consistency (p<0.05) during lockdown (Figure 1). Furthermore,in the “new-onset” constipation population, there was a higher proportion of subjects(48%) who stopped exercising during the pandemic compared to the subjects who did notdevelop constipation symptoms (29%, p=0.0005, OR 2.23, CI 95% 1.4-3.48, Figure 2).The multivariate analysis (logistic regression) showed that female sex (p=0.001), water intake(p=0.039), and physical activity (p=0.012) were associated with “new-onset” constipation.Conclusions: In conclusion, in our study we found that one-fourth of the population thatreduced their physical activity and drank less water due to mobility restrictions imposedfor epidemiologic reasons, in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, developed “new-onset”constipation symptoms. Given those results, appropriate physical activity and adequateliquid intake during prolonged periods of lockdown should be recommended to preventsaid symptoms.(Image Presented)Number of bowel movements, days of physical activity and stool consistency before and after the lockdown(Image Presented)Percentage of subjects who stop physical activity during the pandemic among groups.
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The pandemic caused by the outbreak of COVID-19 has affected the way classes in higher education are conducted. Physical classrooms were suddenly change to virtual ones, with little or no preparation or knowledge of how to use the tools needed to conduct classes in this manner. We present the results of a study conducted with teachers in a computer engineering program that seeks to understand they were able to respond to the sudden change and how they were able to overcome the limitations and challenges that were brought upon them by having to migrate © 2021 IEEE.